The Jewish concept of marriage
Marriage is the cornerstone of Judaism to fulfill the first commandment, namely “Be fruitful and multiply” (Gn).

Marriage in the Old Testament

Marriage Old Testament together with the creation of man. This is a bunch of sexually different but equal and equal people according to the order, which is given from the beginning (Gen 1:27 n.). Marriage is a contract which has as primary aim of ensuring the continuation of lineage males. Marriage puts different demands on men and women: men can violate only foreign marriage, marriage only a woman’s own. The Old Testament knows no commitment to monogamy and marriage is rozlučitelné. Bezženství (or celibacy) is the Old Testament alien. 

Ketuba (Jewish wedding contract)
Ketuba is a Jewish marriage contract, which is already used for millennia. She was and still is an important document of Jewish marriage. Is important not only social, but above all legal. Initially served as a legal protection for a woman if her husband would be repudiated, divorced, or if widowed. These were mainly for financial provision and the right of women to husband’s property. To date, the ketuby record amounts of cash, which provides a newlywed woman who is paid after his death, or which must be paid in the event of divorce. The minimum recommended amount is the sum of which would be a divorced woman could live for at least one year or under common law third property. In later times, the marriage contract has been extended to include additional measures concerning the common life of the couple (the man has a duty to his wife to feed, dress, buy it if they had been kidnapped, to ensure her doctor, etc.). During the wedding ceremony confirms the man’s signature of the contract and after the sign, and two witnesses present, the man ceremoniously passes ketubu his wife. Ketuba is a valid legal document protecting a woman who possesses a woman with him throughout the marriage. If the man fails to what is in the marriage contract, has agreed a woman has the right to go to Jewish court, known as beth din. If the beth din, finds a woman in the right, at its request, may authorize a divorce.

Christian concept of marriage
In Christianity, marriage is the lawful union of two people for physical and spiritual community. Most Christian churches recognize a marriage of two persons of different sexes, some Christian churches, such as the United Church of Canada [3], supports and performs gay marriages. Most Christians recognize marriage as one of the sacraments. 

Marriage in the New Testament
Jesus regarded marriage as the Lord designated for permanent connection of one man and one woman. A woman in marriage is equality, secured by the story of creation (Mk 10,6-9; n. 19.4 Mt). Marriage, according to the New Testament, its place in the history of salvation and the relationship between men and women, according to him, a prototype of the relationship of Christ and the Church (Eph. 5.32). On the marriage is seen as the sign of God’s grace will (ie, as a sacrament). Second marriage also knows the New Testament call to bezvýhradnému donation to Jesus, and it bezženským celibátním or way of life

The Catholic view on marriage
According to Catholic doctrine, every valid marriage between two baptized considered sacrament. Relationship in marriage in itself also contains a relationship to God as to its bases and objectives, and the marriage is considered a way of making present of Jesus and the Church in the world (Matt. 18:20). This sacrament can confer with each other directly engaged, the priest (or deacon) operates only as a religious act that required a witness. The basis of marital conventions is vows bride. If there are no barriers to marriage, the marriage may take all baptized. Natural marriage is opposed to marriage, sacramental marriage between two christened. Effect of marriage is marriage, which is inherently exclusive and closed to life, so validly entered into and completed the marriage ends before the death of one spouse.

Turning point for the understanding of marriage became the 2nd The Second Vatican Council, which tried to break away from a legal perspective on marriage and praised as a major goal of marriage by mutual love of spouses in addition to the procreation of children (47-51 Gaudium et Spes, Lumen Gentium 11) [4].

Marriage in Canon Law
Code of Canon Law provides the legal requirements for marriage in the Catholic Church. For a valid form of marriage requires the active participation of a priest, pastor or priest delegated at marriage and at least two witnesses. The risk of death is perhaps the participation of only 2 witnesses. This form is mandatory for all who are in the Catholic Church. The usual preparation for marriage is the betrothal, marriage and banns lessons. Dispensation granted by double barriers diocesan bishop. Among the so-called simple obstacles include: simple vows, legal or blood relationship, the diversity of religion, minority, sexual inability, even lasting marriage, religion, diversity, acceptance of the sacrament of ordination, public life (religious) vows, etc.

Marriage in Orthodox churches
Marriage in Orthodoxy is perceived largely as in Roman Catholicism. The fundamental difference is that according to Orthodox marriage concluding blessing, a priest by the spouses during marriage (the coronation) dispenses. Unlike the Catholic Church canon law may in fact already existent marriage declared dead (eg in case of death of one spouse, the death may be physical, moral / eg crime / or spiritual / leave the Church, heresy, unrepentant persistence in grave sin /; reason for divorce is adultery, according to Christ’s words). The second marriage of a person who fault dissolution of marriage, then it is possible, but if they close another marriage both spouses, is held to the wedding ceremony, but a ceremony that is more penitential worship (other marriages are in accordance with Holy Scripture are perceived as indulgence for human weakness and to prevent fornication).

Marriage in the Protestant churches
For Protestants, marriage is primarily a personal choice of two newly-weds. This choice is confirmed by the social and civil marriage ceremony in a church is only to indicate a spiritual dimension to this election. [Source?] In the CR, however, marriage between Protestants closed mostly directly at the church.

Source : http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manželství

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